Politcal Power Essays - Elite Theory, Military-industrial Complex

Politcal Power Political power can simply be defined as the power to influence. The power to influence is essentially the power to control. When pertaining to political matters, the most influential people in any form of government have the most power. The underlying argument is between who has the most influence. Is it the elite or the majority? There are four theories of who truly governs. The first theory is clearly elitist. Karl Marx has said that all government in any way shape or form is controlled by whichever class dominates the economy. In all societies there is an economic struggle between two major classes. Although the working class is the majority they have the least political power. This is solely because they have less money than the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie on the other hand dominate the working class economically simply because they own the factories where the working class work. The theory also represents the government as a machine designed to favor to the dominant classes interest. This is why a Marxist would believe that it is pointless to study a government because it has none of its own power. It runs on whoever feeds it, and in this case it is the bourgeoisie. The second theory is most similar to the first. It states that the nongovernmental elite has the most political power. This time when I mention elite it goes beyond the bourgeoisie. This elite is composed of corporate leaders, high ranking military officers, and a small group of political leaders. Other groups can be added, such as the leaders of the media, labor leaders and the heads of special interest groups. Many more groups can be added but the basic underlying idea of this theory is that a very small group of high status officials not involved in government contain the majority of political power. The third theory tends to sway from the first two theories. It states that political power is concentrated within some of the people who actually run the government, the bureaucrats. Because the bureaucrats are appointed officials it separates itself even farther apart from the other theories. The bureaucrats are only influenced by the people that appoint them. This is why the political power is contained within the government. The fourth and final theory can be described as a combination of the first three theories. It delves into the dominance of power between the elite themselves. All of the elite groups have a certain amount of political control, and they themselves are responsive to their follower?s interests. Their followers being the majority have the most political power in this theory because they influence the elite. If the majority isn?t happy the elite wont be elite anymore. Majoritarian and Elitist politics represent two ends of the spectrum of political thought. The four theories of who governs is clearly an elitist?s point of view. The majority is influenced by the mass media, and it is rare to find anyone with their own ideas. The majority is told what they want. Politics Essays

speech essays

Brain aneurysms- a personal experience/speech essays Id like to take you back to July 26, 2003. It was an average morning for me- I was lifting weights in a class at the gym, when I was suddenly confronted with a blinding, uncontrollable migraine that came on without any warning. The pain was unbearable and nauseating, so I got out of class to lay on a couch and let it pass. However, it grew more intense by the minute, and the gym staff reached a friend to drive me to the hospital. I remember getting into the truck while sobbing from the pain, then vomiting uncontrollably, and then losing the next 10 days of my life. I suffered an unexpected brain aneurysm, and spent a week and a half of my life mainly at OHSU, undergoing numerous tests and surgeries that saved my life in the end. Before all of this I barely had any idea what an aneurysm was, or how common they are. I hope that by sharing with you the symptoms, the diagnosis and the treatments available, then maybe you can learn to recognize one before its too late. A brain aneurysm is a weak bulging area in the wall or an artery that supplies blood to the brain. Sometimes they form by a blood clot breaking away and lodging in the tissue of the brain. Typically they go unnoticed because there are no detectable symptoms; however they may rupture in rare cases, causing what is known as a subarachnoid hemorrhage. This can lead to a fatal loss of blood into the skull and lead to a stroke, potential brain damage, or even death. They are typically discovered in a network of blood vessels located at the base of the brain known as the circle of Willis. Between 1 and 5% of all Americans may have unruptured brain aneurysms, while 15,000 Americans have a stroke every year from an aneurysm that ruptures. Often the aneurysms occur in blood vessels that have been weakened by a condition known as arteriosclerosis, which is a thickening of the arteries or sometimes by high blood pressure. However, it has also been found that genetics play a bi ...

Birthday Wish Quotes That Add Joy to the Occasion

Birthday Wish Quotes That Add Joy to the Occasion Birth symbolizes a beginning. But each passing year brings with it a reduced allusion to eternity. Make a birthday wish that inspires you to live zealously. These birthday wish quotes remind you of your majestic existence. Abraham Lincoln And in the end, its not the years in your life that count. Its the life in your years. Pablo Picasso It takes a long time to grow young. Frank Sinatra May you live to be 100 and may the last voice you hear be mine. Richard Bach Fly free and happy beyond birthdays and across forever, and well meet now and then when we wish, in the midst of the one celebration that never can end. Pope Paul VI The older the fiddler, the sweeter the tune. Rabindranath Tagore Im lost in the middle of my birthday. I want my friends, their touch, with the earths last love. I will take lifes final offering; I will take the last human blessing. Charles Schulz Just remember, once youre over the hill you begin to pick up speed. Lewis Carroll There are three hundred and sixty-four days when you might get un-birthday presents, and only one for birthday presents, you know. Guy Johnson My mother asked me what I wanted for my birthday, so I said I wanted to read poetry with her. Charles Lamb New Years Day is every mans birthday. Audrey Hepburn Success is like reaching an important birthday and finding youre exactly the same. Paris Hilton The way I see it, you should live every day like its your birthday. Leo Buscaglia A life lived in love will never be dull. John Glenn There is still no cure for the common birthday. Buddha Do not dwell in the past; do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.

HR google case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HR google case study - Essay Example In human resource management studies theories do not match exactly with the observations of the reality. These divergences between the reality and the theory are described by the largely by the chaos theory. Almost all business houses use this theory to manage their internal human resources. But some of them apply their own understanding of the theory and management system. Google is one of those business houses which are more concerned about applying their own style of chaos management. This paper tries to evaluate Google’s chaos management style and its advantages and disadvantages and also tries to judge whether this strategy can be sustainably used in the future. Importance of chaos management style: Chaos management style is not a new concept. In 1988 Tom Peter, in his book Thriving on Chaos: Handbook for a Management Revolution, has shown the importance of the theory in management theories. During this era most of the businesses and managers were in the same line regardi ng their view on chaos in the management. They have argued that chaos needs to be avoided at any cost. Chaos in the management system was one of the most hated concepts by the managers and businesses. But once managers have realised that they have to survive in the new, fast-growing world they have to learn more about the theory and to apply it in the context of their businesses. With the disappearance of the ordered working class, electrical type writers and mailing posts the need for understanding and need to apply the theory in favour of the growth of businesses started to rise. In this regard the company that has learnt used the theory was Goolge. The company has used the theory at large in their human resource management strategies and has increased its profits and revenues to great extent (Googling out of control: Can Google’s chaos management style ensure continuing success?, 2007, p.25). Brief history of Google: Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two graduate students at Sta nford University in California, developed Google as a search engine as part of their graduate research project. In 1996 Google was first introduced as a search engine in Stanford University’s internal wed sites. From 1998 it became the complete commercial company. After its foundation it became the largest search engine company in the world. Google and chaos management system: Google is a prominent example of the company that has used chaos and has succeeded to earn profits from it. With the advent of use of new technologies in the businesses the need for the theory increased at a large scale. While traditional businesses were more concerned about manufacture, sale and distribute goods and services, modern businesses use technologies at large scales and their companies cover large areas of businesses. Hence, the need for understanding and using the theory is more for them. Rapid uses of Internet, cell phones, fax, photocopies have made all these businesses to apply the theory . Hence, people started to use the theory in different internal and external structures of their business organisations. Google understands this fact and starts to apply the theory in its human resource management section and have gained large benefits. The chaos management system is one of the most important ways to handle the modern working environment â€Å"where information ‘‘storms’’ can create information overload†

E-books in relation to technology, science, and their impact on Research Paper

E-books in relation to technology, science, and their impact on society. Where will they be in 2060 - Research Paper Example According to a research study by Lyman and Hal in 2002, more than 93 percent of completely new information is being produced in digital format (as cited in Lee, Guttenberg, McCrary, 2002, p.227). In recent times, digital publishing has reached critical mass. Media coverage and future books fair reporting has made the consumer well-aware of eBooks and ereaders. Apple’s iPad cum ereader has changes the way ereaedrs are perceived. Ebooks market is in transition, it is evolving and restructuring itself for better (PwC,n.d.,pp.2-4).While suggesting the future of eBooks in 2060 based on research evidence, the paper briefly studies the EBooks’ impact on our society, technology, and science. 1. EBooks and Technology With the accelerated production of digital content, user interest is increasing in devices that are specifically designed to read electronic content (eBooks) such as, e-readers, PPCs, Smartphone, and tablets. From many aspects, eBooks are far more efficient than tra ditional paper books (pbooks), such as: storage, transfer, accessibility, and delivery. Due to compressing ability, storage devices for eBooks are much smaller in size as compared to pbooks. Unlike pbooks, eBooks allow readers to introduce multimedia and hypertext links into books. For instance, eBooks facilitates the readers experience by video clips, audio or sound narrations. Reader can easily jump to a location on Web through a simple click (Lee, Guttenberg, McCrary, 2002, p.227). With the arrival of Amazon Kindle and Apple’s iPad, e-reader technology has taken off. EBook readers are increasingly becoming part of our everyday life, readers are going to experience much more of e-readers and their competitors, such as, tablet computers in future libraries(Rotman Epps & McQuivey as cited in Aaltonen, Mannonen, Nieminen, & Nieminen,2011,p.16). 2. E-books and Society Accessibility is another major feature that can easily overcome pbooks in future. Online libraries provide valu able information in their public domains eBooks, for instance, netLibrary, Internet Public Library, and Project Gutenberg. EBooks provide people with a chance to access wealth of information just by having an internet connection. Despite all the convenience, eBooks may not completely take over pbooks. However, there is considerable number of predictions for the success of eBooks. Considering the limitation of eBooks, such as, slow acceptance of the innovation, user unwillingness to read from screen(Lee, Nicholas, & Victor, 2002, p.228) lacking display quality, cost, durability, and ease(Sottong as cited in Lee, Â  Guttenberg, McCrary, 2002, p.228) it can be inferred that eBooks are going to co-exist with pbooks in recent future. EBooks have great potential for providing enhanced learning opportunities for better engagement and control over content and activities. Quick access and portability is the feature that facilitate remote learning and save travel time and energy (Hernon et a l., as cited in Lam, Lam,& McNaught,2010,p.8).EBooks have potential to enhance the learning experience by improved relationship between student and educator while dealing with learning materials(Shiratuddin, Landoni, Gibb,& Hassan,2003).According to Robert, Slattery and Kardos, text-to-speech or Braille output programs are likely to increase information

Case Study Analysis of an employee Essay Example for Free

Case Study Analysis of an employee Essay This case study for student analysis will look at an employee of ABC, Inc., Carl Robins, the new recruiter of only six months and his struggle to hold orientation for fifteen new hires. There are various factors that play a part of why Carl struggles to meet the promised deadline that is fast approaching. This analysis will focus on time management, job performance, and company organizational issues that are key problems with how Carl is performing his job, but will also look at how ABC, Inc. management team play is playing a part in Carl’s struggle to meet his deadline. This analysis will show alternative solutions, a proposed solution, and a recommendation that will prevent future struggles for Carl and all other employees at ABC, Incorporated. Carl Robins is the new recruiter for ABC, Inc. Carl has been in his new position for six months now. In the six month timeframe, Carl has successfully hired fifteen new trainees. Now that the trainees are hired, Carl’s next objective is to hold an orientation on June 15th at one time for all fifteen new hires. The orientation date is to ensure Carl will have all the new hires ready to start working by July for the Operations Manager, Monica Carrolls. On May 15th Carl is contacted by Monica Carrolls to discuss with Carl everything needed for the new hires to begin orientation; the training schedule, manuals, policy booklets, physicals, drug test, and other things. Two weeks later, Carl decides to go over the trainee files and realizes some trainees’ paperwork are incomplete and missing. All of the new hires still need to take a mandatory drug screen test. During this time, Carl becomes aware that he does not have enough copies of the orientation manuals and on top of that, there is not one complete orientation manual to make copies. Lastly, Carl checks out the training room he book earlier in the month and finds Joe, from technology services, is setting up computer terminals for training seminars for the entire month of June. Carl will need to find a new place to hold orientation. Ca rl is panicking and does not know how to proceed at this point. (University of Phoenix, 2014) There are numerous key problems to focus on with Carl as well as with ABC, Inc. Starting with Carl, some of  the key problems Carl is having includes his apparent lack of time management. Carl is also having organizational and communication issues. Carl insufficient knowledge of how to apply these skills are playing a huge factor in Carl’s struggle to be prepared and ready for orientations on June 15th. Carl also appears to have insufficient knowledge about his position and what his responsibilities requires of him daily to meet his scheduled orientation and promised deadline to have all the new hires working by July. Looking at Carl’s timeline, he hires the new trainees in the beginning of April. Carl knows he has a little over two months before orientation is scheduled will be held for the new hires. On May 15th Carl receives a call from Monica, the Operations Manager, to go over the needs for orientation to be successful. It appears that Carl does nothing for over a month in regards to checking on the status of each new hire. What is Carl doing in this timeframe needs to be investigated. Carl waits until two weeks before the scheduled orientation to finally check on the trainees’ files. It seems there is no communication between Carl and Human Resources at all. Carl should be in contact with Human Recourses about the status of each new hires paperwork and on a consistent basis. It would appear that Carl is not doing his job efficiently. ABC, Inc. has some underlying key problems that have contribute a great deal to Carl’s struggle to meet the scheduled orientation date. ABC, Inc. has failed to support Carl in his new position. There is a lack of supervision to help guide Carl. ABC, Inc. also shows there is an apparent breakdown in communication between its employees. Human Resources must not now about the orientation date for the new hires and therefore seems to be taking their time in getting all the paperwork in for each new hire. Another communication breakdown is the situation about Joe and Carl both being able to book the training room to use on June 15th. There are many alternative solutions for Carl to successfully meet his orientation deadline of June 15th and have the new trainees ready to start work for the Operations Manager by July. Carl should contact Monica Carrolls, the Operations Manager, and find out if there is anyone in the company who would be able to help assist him with getting everything in order for orientation. If there is no one in the company available to help Carl at this time, then Carl needs to find out if he has the authority to hire an outside source, if he does not, then wh o does? Time is of the  essence to have everything competed for orientation. This person will help assist Carl in completing the following tasks; contacting each new hire to schedule a drug test, make sure all necessary documents are completed, turned in, find someone in the company who has a complete orientation manual, make copies, and find a new place to have orientation. Carl is new and this his 1st recruitment orientation, he should be held responsible to check in with the Operations Manager or whoever is Carl’s Manager and give them a daily report of what he has accomplished each day and what is left to still be accomplished to meet the orientation date. All of these solutions are a Band-Aid and will aid in Carl successfully holding orientation. However, they are not solutions for the root of the problems facing ABC, Inc. Even though the struggle focuses on Carl Robins and his inability to do his job correctly, the proposed solution is directed towards ABC, Incorporated Management Team. The Management Team should be held responsible. Carl Robins is new to the company. It is apparent that Carl’s lack of experience and work history is not matched up properly for the position of recruiter. Carl clearly does not understand what it takes for him to hold successfully orientation on June 15th. Carl is going blindly about his job responsibilities without a clear understanding of time restraints for each task he needs to perform. There should be supervision over Carl on a daily basis due to this being his 1st recruitment orientation assignment. ABC, Inc. Management Team should put into place a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for each position in the company. Clearly outlining each position and it responsibilities as well as including a flow chart showing who each position reports to. At this time, it is recommended that ABC, Inc. have each and every employee attend a several work seminars. It would be best for the company to start with a seminar that will focus on learning how to communicate well with each other inside the company, how to speak up about company problems and ask for help, and learn how to work together as a team unit. A time management seminar is highly suggested and would be of great help to the company as well. Each employee should learn time management skills, how to manage their time, their workflow, and how to prioritize their job responsibilities. Another recommendation, department mangers take a seminar about being team leaders. They need to understand what exactly their employees are doing in their daily routines. Department  managers are strongly encouraged to meet with each employee and have a one on one meeting. The meeting should target each manager finding out how the employee feels about their position, what they feel the pros and cons are for their position, and if the employee have any struggles in their position that need attention. These seminars and personal one on one attention with the employees will give tools for each employee to use in becoming successful in their positions and the company as a whole. It will also boost employee morale and would be a great gesture on the company’s behalf to show the employees that the company values them, is willing to investing time in each one of them, and you care about them. In return, the company should see significant improvement in time management and communication. References Case Study for Student Analysis, University of Phoenix, 2014

Brent Staples A Brothers Murder Essay -- essays research papers

Brent Staples' A Brother's Murder A belief I feel very strongly about proposes that all problems faced by our society have solutions. If this belief is true, why do problems still face us today? The answer could be a result of either laziness by the people in our society in finding these solutions or just the fact that there are too many problems to solve. Maybe this belief I have is too far out of reach to be true. On the other hand, Brent Staples, a well-respected writer, seems to share this idea with me. In his works, he displays a great deal of motivation to solve particular problems faced by society. In "A Brother's Murder," he uses a personal account of murder within the streets caused by social placement to illustrate the problem within the lower class. After reading this article, I questioned the stability of our society, and the overall severity of this problem of murder in the streets. The inner streets of our nations' cities have, over the years, proven to be war zones. Gangs are roaming the streets to protect their territory, making gunplay an everyday task. The smell of fear, death, and misguided souls reek to the nose of the onlooker. Brent Staples does an outstanding job of describing the severity of these problems. His brother, Blake, leads a life molded by this street life. His official cause of death was murder. However, at the young age of twenty-two years old, they should have noted h...

Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory

English 2000 18 March 2013 Is Same-Sex Parenting just as Effective as Conventional Parenting? Marriage equality is currently one of the latest civil rights issues; along with marriage equality, same-sex parenting is a controversial topic that has yet to die down. There are usually two views taken on the topic of gay parenting: it’s wrong and should be illegal or it’s normal and should be legal. Gay parenting and marriage has become publicly accepted by some and prohibited by others and the average family has developed into many different forms in the last few years.The majority of society believes that child being raised by a single parent is equivalent to same-sex parents. Studies show that children with two moms or two dads grow up just as well as children with heterosexual parents. Opponents of same-sex parenting believe that just as marriage should remain traditional, parenting should also be specifically between a man and a woman, while proponents believe that DNA does not make a parent. The main issue that needs to be resolved today is if same-sex parenting is just as effective as conventional parenting throughout families.Both sides of the debate have their reasons for their beliefs that need to be explored. An argument of opponents is that same-sex relationships are infamously short-lived and will create an unstable family. By allowing same-sex couples to become parents we are ignoring what is best for children; growing up with a mother and a father. There have been many different studies conducted to get the true background of children being raised by gay parents. Mark Regnerus, Associate Professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, conducted a study on young adults raised within different family arrangements.While sexual orientation or parent sexual behavior has nothing to do with the ability to be an effective parent, his data suggests that it may affect a child’s life experiences. His study reveals that â€Å"ch ildren appear most apt to succeed well as adults—on multiple counts and across a variety of domains—when they spend their entire childhood with their married mother and father, and especially when the parents remain married to the present day† (Regnerus). There are a great number of people who believe that much of the research on same-sex parenting is flawed. This stakeholder usually has a neutral stance on the issue. Judges and lawmakers have relied on a growing body of research on same-sex parenting to make decisions in cases and legislation regarding custody battles and adoption† (Homosexual Parenting). In today’s society, one must need scientific data and research on an issue to decide how it should properly be resolved. Many researchers are aware of this concept and the data usually leads to coincide with the researchers beliefs. Rabbi Daniel Lapin, the President of the conservative public advocacy group Toward Tradition, states that â€Å"flaw ed science is not new, right now it’s swirling around the controversial area of sexuality† (qtd.In Homosexual Parenting). Those who support that gay parenting studies are flawed believe that same-sex parenting is an issue that is based on beliefs, not scientific research. The majority of opposing views are influenced by religious motives. According to the Laws of Nature and Nature’s God, marriage exists for three purposes: companionship, sexual intimacy, and procreation (Fischer). Marriage is viewed as a religious ritual and is established for the purpose of procreation and since same-sex couples cannot conceive children, they should neither get married nor become parents.Those who disagree with same-sex parenting/same-sex marriage tend to be against homosexuality. There is fear in conservative society that being raised by homosexual parents not gives children the fair chance to live a heterosexual life. Bryan Fischer, a conservative radio host and the Director o f issues Analysis for the American Family Association, same-sex parenting and adoption are a form of child abuse. In his article, he includes many scientific researches, including sociologist Mark Regenerus, which confirms same-sex relationships are unstable for children.He believes that while single parent families are an â€Å"unfortunate social tragedy† adopting children into same-sex environments is inexcusably and deliberately creating households with a missing mother or father (Fischer). Professionals trust that fathers contribute necessary ingredients to parenting that mothers cannot provide, and mothers contribute something to the nurture of children that fathers cannot provide (Fischer). The main reason people support same-sex parenting is because they support same-sex marriage.Supporters believe that homosexuals desire an equal chance versus heterosexuals at civil rights. The documentary Fatherhood Dreams follows four gay men who are fathers and shows the incentive that drives gay men to become dads. Julia Ivanoa, the Russian director, depicts the untraditional families as better alternatives than divorce and neglect towards children’s growing experience. Same-sex couples create more opportunities for other families who cannot support their children to find a better home with devoted parents.Convetional parenting, the â€Å"mom and dad† traditional way of parenting, is at an all-time low. Divorce and non-marital birth rates increase drastically every year. The quality of a marriage is proven to be a key factor in a child’s well-being. While research clearly indicates that children benefit from growing up with both biological parents in a low-conflict marriage, there has been very little rigorous research on how to promote and sustain healthy marriages. (Moore, Jekielek, and Emig). There are many sides to the same-sex parenting controversy, and all arguments give reasons to justify their beliefs.Opponents of gay parenting s upport traditional family arrangements between a man and a woman. Not only do they believe the importance of religion is in dang they also fear that allowing children to be raised by same-sex couples will jeopardize their chances of having a stable life in the future. Those who support gay parenting believe that homosexuals desire the right to marry and raise children freely. Everyone has their own different views regarding this issue and is subject to change; however, homosexuals are not going to stop being parents.This raises the question; are we going to continue to fight same-sex parenting? Works Citied â€Å"Homosexual Parenting Studies Are Flawed, Report Says | Fox News. † Fox News. FOX News Network, 18 July 2001. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Fatherhood Dreams. Dir. Julia Ivanoa. Interfilm Productions, 2007. Film. Fischer, Bryan. â€Å"Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. † Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. American Family Ass ociation, 14 June 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Moore, Kristin, Anderson, Susan M. Jekielek, and Carol Emig. Marriage from a Child's Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children, and What Can We Do about It? † Child Trends. Child Trends, June 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Prager, Dennis. â€Å"Same-sex Marriage: Good for Gays, Bad for Children. † WorldNet Daily. WND Commentary, 4 May 2004. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Regnerus, Mark. â€Å"How Different Are The Adult Children Of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Relationships? Findings From The New Family Structures Study. † Social Science Research 41. (n. d. ): 752-770. ScienceDirect. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

External Environment Analysis

With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard and deeper demand for food variety and quality, these environmental changes both external and internal pose a more significant impact on organization’s decisions. This essay describes the two types of environments that organizations have to deal with. One is external environment and the other is internal environment. The first section in this essay describes the two types of business environments: external and internal environment. Next in the second section, it will explain the definition of environmental uncertainty and managing environmental uncertainty. After that it will discuss adaptive and non-adaptive culture. Running through this essay, an organization is used as an example to explain all the discussion and corresponding solutions are also contained in each section in this essay. There are mainly two types of business environments, internal and external. The external environment can be further categorized into task environment and mega environment. The mega environment is the general external environment in which the organization functions. The task environment comprises more specific elements that act directly on the organization. In the mega environment, organizations operate and exert pressure on the organizations ability to achieve its vision, mission and goals. The mega environment has five elements including technological element, economic element, political element, cultural element and the international element. Generally, these five elements have negative influence on the organization but they can also exert positive effect by providing chances for increased profitability and product improvement such as launching new flavour of desserts. The task environment which differentiates from the mega environment can directly affect the operations of the organization while managers often have ability to control it. It focuses on the products, services and the location of the organization. It also has five elements including customer, competitor, supplier, government and labour. Each element can have a significant impact on the organization’s strategy and put emphasis on different fields. For instance, the customer element centres more on customer expectations of product and service quality and value for money. Nowadays, many enterprises have set about optimizing how to satisfy customer needs and expectations. A fast food company– Kentucky Fried Chicken is a pretty good example. Since the company entered the Chinese market in 1987, it has made great progress in promoting competitiveness. Simultaneously, some famous foreign food businesses such as McDonald's,  Pizza  Hut have entered Chinese food market and this exerts severe press on KFC’s sale performance. Following the changing market environment, especially competitors, external market has become more complicated to cope with (MoccaTse1, 2012). Hence, business and organization management had shifted their focus merely on their product innovation for the purpose of promoting competitiveness. To rise to the challenge, the solution mentioned below may help. As for KFC, the rivalry pressure of its substitutes is relatively low. Since chicken is more popularized among most Asians than hamburgers, it enables KFC to push off an American eating style which differs from other food enterprises. This conversion implies that organizations have to make their business objectives more competitor-centred and applies the competitor element subject to one of the task environment’s component. Reference: Kitty 2009, ‘KFC location strategy in China’ MoccaTse1, External Environment Analysis, Nov 2012,

Technical Description Definition essays

Technical Description Definition essays The word distributor can be defined into three different meanings. The first meaning, one that distributes, is the easiest to see since distribution comes from the word distribute. Distribution can also be defined as a wholesaler, or one that markets a commodity. The last definition of distribution is an apparatus in the ignition system that distributes the proper amount of electrical voltage to each spark plug at the correct sequence and time. The word is form the 15th century and it is pronounced di- stri-by Every automobile from todays era has a distributor. The distributor is the major component of the ignition system. The distributor is on either the side or the top of your engine, or up near the firewall (Crouse 304). The distributor looks somewhat like an octopus since it has wires that come out from the top of the cap. The distributor is designed to make and break the ignition primary circuit, a low-tension circuit, and to distribute the resultant high voltage to the proper cylinder at the correct time. The high voltage comes from the coil. The coil is a transformer outside of the distributor that changes low-voltage energy into high-voltage energy. After the high voltage comes out from the coil, it passes to the center terminal of the distributor cap and down the rotor by a wire attached to the coil that goes into the center tower of the distributor cap (Crouse 305-306). The purpose of the cap and rotor is to distribute the spark energy to the proper plug. The distributor cap covers the top part of the distributor. The cap has a tower for each spark plug cable, plus a center tower for the wire from the coil. The number of towers depends on the number of spark plug cables which is the same as how many cylinders the vehicle has. So a four-cylinder vehicl ...

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Theories and ethnographies on the gift (economic anthropology) Research Paper

Theories and ethnographies on the gift (economic anthropology) - Research Paper Example Therefore, gift in this context can be defined as goods and services that are exchanged with the intention of affirming a social relationship and status. Hence, gifts are a reciprocated system where citizens of any given community will be perpetually indebted to another person. Ethnographers have studied many different interpretations of the gift in traditional societies. The complicated factors of ‘the gift’ in archaic society have attracted debates throughout different fields of study. In addition, several professionals including anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers, as well as economists have researched the issue. A sense of duty bounds these relationships together although these communities may be otherwise hostile towards one another. Marcel Mauss, a French anthropologist and a sociologist, carefully studied the facts on the gift in traditional primitive societies; following Durkheim’s model on the sacred, he theorized that gifts are of a moral, religi ous, and economic nature in natural economic systems; with a sacred quality to exchange and contracts. Mauss presents the idea of a system of obligatory service provision i.e. one provides a service because it is their moral responsibility to do so, this system brings together distinguished characteristics identified based on religion, justification, and economic status. An example is doing voluntary work in the community, Hann et al. (2011) notes, â€Å"... It is groups, and not individuals, which carry on the exchange, make contracts, and are bound by obligations the person represented in the contracts are moral persons- clans, tribes and families; the groups, or the chiefs as intermediaries for the groups, confront and oppose each other† (p.50). He visualized a unique connection between the gift and the recipient and emphasized on the power embedded on the gift that would propel the recipient to reciprocate the act of giving (Mauss, 1925. p.3). With this idea, he stipulate d that the giver not only gives the gift, but part of them is also torn away from them in the process of giving. Due to this, he said that there was no complete separation of the gift from the giver (Mauss, 1925). He further argued that, what they exchange is not exclusively goods and wealth, real and personal property, and things of economic value. They exchange rather courtesies, entertainments, ritual, military assistance, women, children, dances and feasts, in which the market is merely one element and the circulation of wealth, but one part of a wide and enduring contract. Finally, although the social facts and their opposing factors take place under a voluntary guise, they are in essence strictly obligatory, and their sanction is private or open warfare. We propose to call this system of total presentation.† (Mauss, 1926) There is not only an obligation to repay gifts, but also to give and receive them willingly, to refuse to do so could mean refusing to accept the other into one's community and could cause war. However, by giving, the community shows itself as deserving and worthy of respect and generosity. Failure to give will mean to end their partnership and refuse any future gifts. Gift- giving contests have come together on this basis such as the famous North- West Coast Native American Potlatch as well as the Kula Ring in the Trobriand Islands. Malinowski also researched the Trobriand islanders, found the exchange between islanders of the Kula Ring